Literature Review on Fault Mechanism Analysis and Diagnosis Methods for Main Pump Systems

As a fundamental element in industrial fluid transportation, the main pump fulfills an irreplaceable function in critical infrastructure, including the energy, water conservancy, petrochemical, and sewage treatment industries. As the core component of key power equipment, its operating condition is intrinsically connected to the safety, stability, and reliability of the entire system. This paper provides a systematic review of the latest advances in fault mechanism analysis and diagnosis methods for main pump systems. First, the typical structural composition and functional characteristics of the main pump system are examined, and the occurrence mechanisms and evolution rules of typical faults, such as mechanical malfunctions and performance degradation caused by hydraulic imbalance, are discussed in detail. Second, the main technical approaches to fault diagnosis are summarized and reviewed, including diagnosis methods based on signal processing, modeling, data-driven techniques, and multi-source information fusion. The advantages, limitations, and application scopes of these approaches are comparatively analyzed. On this basis, the development trends in main pump fault diagnosis technology and the key challenges faced—such as strong noise, small sample size, and multiple fault coupling—are identified and discussed. Finally, future research prospects are put forward in view of the limitations of current research. This review aims to provide theoretical insights and technical support for advancing condition monitoring, fault diagnosis, and health management of main pump systems.