Analytical Hierarchy Process–Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model for Predicting Rockburst with Multiple Indexes

Rockburst is a dynamic disaster that frequently occurs in hard and brittle rock tunnels under high in situ stress conditions. It is influenced by multiple factors, including lithological condition, in situ stress condition, and surrounding rock mass structural condition. Rockbursts are highly destructive and difficult to predict accurately. At present, many methods have been proposed for predicting rockburst proneness. However, the above methods suffer from a lack of diversity, limited applicability, and low predictive accuracy. Therefore, based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and fuzzy mathematics theory, the eight evaluation indexes (strength brittleness index, stress coefficient, elastic energy index, surrounding grade, etc.) were selected to establish the new AHP fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. Based on the field case studies, the feasibility and accuracy of the model were validated. The results indicate that the proposed multi-index prediction model demonstrates strong feasibility and high predictive accuracy, and the model has promising application prospects. Meanwhile, the 13 recognized evaluation indexes were summarized, and an approach for accurate rockburst prediction was proposed. The predicting model and predicting approach proposed in this paper are of great significance for improving the accuracy of rockburst prediction.