Effect of Different Female Factors on Pregnancy Rates in Artificial Insemination With Donor Sperm Cycles: A Prospective Observational Study

Background Artificial insemination with donor sperm (AID) is an established treatment option for various indications. The outcome of such treatment is likely to be affected by different female factors and associated factors contributing to infertility. Existing evidence lacks clarity in this regard. This study aimed to assess the effect of different female factors on pregnancy rates in donor insemination cycles. This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital from March 2023 to December 2024. Methods One hundred and two patients undergoing AID cycles were included in the study. Various female characteristics were compared for pregnancy outcomes. Data entered in Microsoft Excel (Microsoft® Corp., Redmond, WA) and analysed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS, version 27.0; IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY). Statistical association was tested using the chi-square test. A p-value < 0.05 was statistically significant. Results Out of 102 females undergoing AID cycles, 15 had a clinical pregnancy (14.7%). Ongoing pregnancy rate was 11.8%. The duration of infertility was significantly less in patients having successful clinical and ongoing pregnancies (p<0.05). Female age, body mass index (BMI), number of AID cycles, type of infertility, and additional female factors affecting fertility were similar in patients with or without successful pregnancies. Conclusion Clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates after AID cycles are affected by the duration of infertility. The presence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis in female partners is less likely to alter the AID cycle outcomes.