Sustainable clay brick manufacturing using a double-layered solar-powered metallic kiln

Traditional clay brick manufacturing relies on wood and fossil fuels, leading to high energy consumption, harmful emissions, and increased costs. This study proposes a sustainable solution using a metallic kiln with double-layer insulation and a parabolic dish solar concentrator to improve energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Heated air from the solar concentrator receiver is directed through clay bricks in a fiberglass-insulated metallic kiln, enhancing heat retention and temperature control. A fan regulates heat and humidity, while hot air recirculation minimizes energy wastage. Moreover, moisture removal is managed by adjusting air vents. The clay bricks (0.225m × 0.11m × 0.075m) were tested for compressive strength, modulus of rupture, and water absorption on the 7th, 28th, and 56th days of drying. The compressive strength improved from 2.63 N/mm² on day 7 to 7.20 N/mm² on day 56. The findings highlight the potential of this system to improve brick quality, enhance energy efficiency, and reduce environmental impact.