Road vulnarability damage level using visual model: Analysis for medium traffic loading in dense area

In highly populated cities, road damage inspection is a critical and pressing issue for economic traffic. Despite the development of several techniques, the visual method remains popular due to its simplicity and speed of inspection. The Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method is a widely used visual inspection technique for evaluating pavement conditions, valued for its speed, simplicity, and ability to provide a standardized numerical rating based on observed surface distress. In contrast, the Bina Marga analytical method-developed and standardized by Indonesia’s Directorate General of Highways-adopts a mathematical and structural analysis approach, incorporating parameters such as pavement deflection, material properties, and load repetitions. Both methods analyze the type and level of road damage to be a reference for road maintenance programs. The research location was chosen in a densely populated, suburban area and experienced substantial deterioration due to traffic loads, environmental factors, and inadequate maintenance. Based on the results of field data, the types of damage found on Bogor district roads are 4 types of damage, namely: edge cracks, longitudinal cracks, patches, and holes. By using the PCI method, the total PCI obtained is 546 with an average PCI of 45.50. So that the condition has a value in a moderate condition (Fair). For the Bina Marga method, the priority sequence value obtained is 5, which indicates that periodic maintenance is needed.