A mobility-adjusted framework for regional Rt estimation: enhancing spatial interpretation of transmission dynamics

This study presents a mobility-adjusted framework for estimating [Formula: see text] that incorporates inter-regional movement to better capture spatial transmission dynamics. The method mitigates inflated estimates in low-incidence areas and identifies mobility-driven risks in highly connected regions, offering context-aware insights beyond conventional approaches. While not universally superior, it complements existing methods and provides a practical tool for geographically targeted interventions, adaptable to diverse epidemiological settings where spatial connectivity shapes outbreaks.