Sex and age as moderators in the expression of internalizing and externalizing behaviors: insights from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)
Findings indicate that the expression of behavioral problems among anxiety-referred youth differs by both sex and developmental stage. Early externalizing difficulties in boys and later-emerging internalizing difficulties in girls suggest that findings may inform age- and sex-sensitive approaches to assessment and intervention to age- and sex-specific trajectories in pediatric anxiety populations.
Authors
- Emily K. Juel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2388-8447)
- Anders Nordahl‐Hansen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6411-3122)
- Hugo Cogo‐Moreira (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9411-9237)
- Kenneth Larsen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4139-2421)
- Eli R. Lebowitz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6240-4738)
- Wendy K. Silverman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4415-4098)
- Roald A. Øien (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3698-2184)
Institutions
- Østfold University of Applied Sciences (NO)
- University of South-Eastern Norway (NO)
- Yale University (US)
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway (NO)
Publication Details
- Journal
- BMC Psychology
- Published
- 2025-11-03
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03529-8
- Primary Topic
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Universitetet i Tromsø