Research progress on internal arc measurement methods in transformers

Transformers are an indispensable component of modern power systems, playing a crucial role in power generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization. The development and application of arc channel measurement technologies are of great significance to the advancement of power systems. Extensive research has been conducted by scholars both domestically and internationally on methods for measuring arc channels in transformer oil. This paper first introduces the importance of transformers in power systems and the necessity of studying arc channel measurements. It also summarizes recent accidents caused by internal arc faults in transformers. Subsequently, based on the formation process and characteristics of arc channels, the paper elaborates on measurement methods from three perspectives: electrical (voltage and current), optical, and acoustic. Finally, it discusses the current challenges and provides a prospect ive outlook on future research directions.