Numerical Analysis Study on the Installation of Horizontal and Vertical Barriers to Reduce Fire Risk in Logistics Warehouses

A numerical study was conducted to evaluate the effects of installing horizontal and vertical barriers on rack fires and to propose installation measures aligned with domestic fire protection regulations. A review of the effectiveness of existing suppression systems for rack storage confirmed that fire risk varies significantly depending on the presence and spacing of in-rack sprinkler heads. The study further revealed that when horizontal barriers were installed alone, altered fire-spread paths could increase overall fire risk, highlighting the need for complementary measures. To address this, the effectiveness of face sprinklers and vertical barriers was examined. Results showed that these installations effectively blocked horizontal and vertical fire spread from the storage area where the initial ignition occurred, reducing the overall fire risk by more than 30%.