Bionic Intelligent Clothing

As an advanced outcome of interdisciplinary technological integration, bionic intelligent clothing (BIC) is driving profound transformations in human daily life. However, as an evolving frontier field, a comprehensive, in-depth, and instructive systematic review remains absent. In response, this review first combs the historical development context of BIC, discussing its evolutionary process from ancient color bionics and morphological bionics to modern intelligent bionics. Subsequently, the methodologies and action mechanisms of structural bionics are explored from micro to macro scales. Based on functional dimensions, the application practices of BIC in bionic protection, bionic appearance design, and bionic function enhancement are summarized systematically with a focus on bionic principles, construction technologies, and existing bottlenecks. During the evolution from functional bionics to intelligent bionics, intelligent temperature regulation, bionic sensing, and responsive deformation clothing have emerged as the current hotspots and mainstream research areas. Finally, the achievements and challenges in BIC commercialization are discussed. From the perspective of government-industry-university-research-application collaboration, the realistic challenges and technical bottlenecks faced in interdisciplinary applications are comprehensively analyzed, aiming to provide theoretical inspiration and practical guidance for promoting the deep integration of BIC into public daily life.