Microbes in regenerative medicine: a narrative review

Regenerative medicine is a very promising and new discipline that uses genetic material, tissues, or cells to replace or repair damaged organs and tissues, aiming to restore normal function. It solves the drawbacks of traditional treatments by utilizing cutting-edge techniques, including tissue engineering, three-dimensional organoids, and stem cell therapy. Effective treatment of organ transplant recipients, people with chronic wounds, cardiovascular, neurological, and other degenerative disorders are among the applications of regenerative medicine. Since the prevalence of chronic diseases has skyrocketed, regenerative medicine research and development has intensified. Microbes have a number of roles in regenerative medicine that impact tissue repair and regeneration. These include direct involvement in tissue repair, the generation of beneficial biopolymers, and immune system regulation. Because bacterial metabolites are highly versatile, non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable, they are used in tissue engineering. Additionally, microbes can be used to create nanoparticles. We go into great detail in this overview about the function of microorganisms in regenerative medicine, including its uses and difficulties. The articles for this review were accessed through Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus archives using keywords like "chronic wounds," "degenerative diseases," "bacterial metabolites," "microorganisms," "cancer", and "regenerative medicine" AND "microbes". The information from the articles was specifically examined, and only English-language, fully peer-reviewed articles were included. This review identified that although regenerative medicine has ancient roots, it has undergone a major metamorphosis due to modern scientific and technological advancements. It is possible to use microbes in regenerative medicine to treat both infectious and non-communicable diseases. Because microorganisms can produce harmful compounds that harm host cells, they are rarely employed in regenerative medicine. The field of regenerative medicine practice is in dire need of terms pertaining to clinical and social preparedness, proven treatments with measurable benefits, and methods for integrating regenerative medicine technology into patient care in a responsible manner. Notwithstanding its potential, regenerative medicine has disadvantages like exorbitant costs, moral and ethical dilemmas, and legal and regulatory restrictions. The scientific community, regulators, health services, and public policy makers' awareness of the advantages and disadvantages of regenerative medicine will play a significant role in the nomenclature's ongoing improvement and enrichment.