Association of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome with depression and all-cause mortality: a population-based observational study

Our study shows that the risk of depression increases across stages 0-4 of CKM syndrome. The prevalence of depression in advanced CKM syndrome is also significantly elevated. Moreover, advanced CKM syndrome further increases the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with depression. These findings suggest that medical workers should be vigilant about the mental status of patients with advanced CKM syndrome and the risk of poor prognosis when it is complicated by depression.