Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia

Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) is a morphological hybrid between myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative neoplasms and is characterized by clonal monocytosis. Myeloid neoplasm-associated somatic mutations are present in >90% of patients with CMML but are not diagnostically specific but a subset are prognostically relevant. Current drug therapy in CMML is mostly palliative and not disease-modifying. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potentially curative treatment modality in CMML and its timing is determined by formal prognostic models including the recently developed BLAST and BLAST-molecular risk models.