Cross‐Border Luxuries: Unraveling the Origins, Aging, and Craftsmanship of Eastern Han Dynasty Amber From Beijing

ABSTRACT This groundbreaking study delves into the secrets of ancient amber through a meticulous examination of two amber artifacts dating back to the Eastern Han Dynasty, unearthed in Beijing. Utilizing a suite of sophisticated analytical methodologies, including Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and computed tomography (CT) scanning, the research elucidates the provenance, aging processes, and craftsmanship of these amber artifacts. The results unequivocally attribute the amber's origin to Myanmar, as demonstrated by the absence of succinic acid and the distinctive chemical bonding and functional groups characteristic of the samples. Additionally, the study uncovers varying degrees of weathering in the amber through the distinct organic characteristics still preserved within it, highlighting the chemical changes it has undergone due to burial conditions. The CT scans further revealed differing drilling techniques employed in the two amber beads. The better‐preserved bead was perforated using a solid tubular tool with rotary motion, while the more degraded bead likely underwent perforation through the direct melting of material with a heated metal rod. By integrating archaeological findings with scientific precision, this research presents a compelling perspective on the early international trade networks of China and the status of exotic materials, such as amber, within the cultural and economic milieu of the era.