Enabling the Future of Autonomous Shipping: Regulatory Challenges, Infrastructure Modernization and Pathways to Integration

The widespread adoption of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) has the potential to transform global shipping by enhancing efficiency, safety and environmental sustainability. However, achieving this transformation requires strong support from governmental and maritime authorities to ensure the smooth and secure integration of these technologies into existing systems. This paper explores the crucial role of regulatory bodies in enabling the operational acceptance of MASS, focusing on regulatory frameworks, the modernization of port infrastructure and the need for standardization. It also examines key challenges such as cybersecurity risks, interoperability concerns and legal liabilities associated with MASS deployment. Finally, the paper offers recommendations for future actions to facilitate the effective implementation of autonomous shipping technologies