A Framework for Joint Beam Scheduling and Resource Allocation in Beam-Hopping-Based Satellite Systems

With the rapid development of heterogeneous satellite networks integrating geostationary earth orbit (GEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems, along with the significant growth in the number of satellite users, it is essential to consider frequency compatibility and coexistence between GEO and LEO systems, as well as to design effective system resource allocation strategies to achieve efficient utilization of system resources. However, existing beam-hopping (BH) resource allocation algorithms in LEO systems primarily focus on beam scheduling within a single time slot, lacking unified beam management across the entire BH cycle, resulting in low beam-resource utilization. Moreover, existing algorithms often employ iterative optimization across multiple resource dimensions, leading to high computational complexity and imposing stringent requirements on satellite on-board processing capabilities. In this paper, we propose a BH-based beam scheduling and resource allocation framework. The proposed framework first employs geographic isolation to protect the GEO system from the interference of the LEO system and subsequently optimizes beam partitioning over the entire BH cycle, time-slot beam scheduling, and frequency and power resource allocation for users within the LEO system. The proposed scheme achieves frequency coexistence between the GEO and LEO satellite systems and performs joint optimization of system resources across four dimensions—time, space, frequency, and power—with reduced complexity and a progressive optimization framework. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves effective suppression of both intra-system and inter-system interference via geographic isolation, while enabling globally efficient and dynamic beam scheduling across the entire BH cycle. Furthermore, by integrating the user-level frequency and power allocation algorithm, the scheme significantly enhances the total system throughput. The proposed progressive optimization framework offers a promising direction for achieving globally optimal and computationally tractable resource management in future satellite networks.