Observers as Agents: Relational Epistemology from Physics to Ecology

The ideal of objectivity as observer-independent truth has shaped scientific thought since early modern times. Yet contemporary science reveals that all knowledge is perspective-bound embedded, embodied, and enacted observers participate in constructing coherent accounts of reality. This work develops a synthetic, observer-based epistemology that unifies insights from physics, chemistry, biology, cognitive science, ecology, and philosophy, showing how structured intersubjective mechanisms allow perspectival integration into scientifically valid knowledge across domains.