Menstrual health among young adults in Latin America and the Caribbean: A scoping review and evidence-gap map

Menstrual health (MH) research has expanded in recent years, including studies throughout the reproductive life course. However, the experiences of young adults in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) remain comparatively underexplored, despite the importance of this life stage. The primary aim of this scoping review was to summarize and synthesize the literature on MH among young adults in the LAC region. Primary studies were included if they explored any aspect of MH among young adults aged 18-24 in university, health service, or community settings within LAC. Studies conducted in secondary school settings or involving specialized populations (e.g., elite athletes, incarcerated individuals) were excluded. Six electronic databases were searched for studies published between January 1, 1980 and October 23, 2024. Data were extracted and synthesized narratively, with key study characteristics summarized in tables. An interactive online evidence-gap map was developed to visualize geographic and thematic representation across the region. A total of 42 studies met the inclusion criteria, with most originating from Brazil (<i>n</i> = 21, 50%) and Mexico (<i>n</i> = 14, 33%). Studies were predominantly conducted in urban locations (<i>n</i> = 29, 69%), and all participants were described as female or women. Common MH experiences reported included menstrual cycle and bleeding characteristics (<i>n</i> = 16, 38%), dysmenorrhea (<i>n</i> = 13, 31%), and premenstrual syndrome (<i>n</i> = 10, 24%). Some studies indicated a negative impact of MH on academic participation (<i>n</i> = 5, 12%) and daily life activities (<i>n</i> = 16, 38%). The review identified significant geographic gaps, with only 21% (7/33) of LAC countries represented. This review highlights significant gaps in MH research among young adults in LAC, especially in rural areas and gender-diverse populations. There is a critical need for inclusive, region-specific research, initiatives, interventions and policies to enhance health, education and economic outcomes.