THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES OF APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF INTERPRETATION OF TREATIES

The article draws attention to the fact that the interpretation of a civil contract in the courts of the Republic of Kazakhstan using the principle of "contra proferentem" is not regulated or is not considered by the current legal norms. There is an insufficient number of special studies in the domestic legal literature that take into account current trends in the development of the rules of contract interpretation, the principle of "contra proferentem" in the legal systems of countries with developed economies. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the "contra proferentem" principle at the Institute for the interpretation of civil law contractual claims and to propose recommendations for improving its effectiveness. The article examines the legal basis for the application of this principle in the national and international legal order, its role in protecting the interests of the weak party to the contract, as well as the experience of application in court proceedings. The authors analyze the theoretical foundations of this principle, its development in the context of jurisprudence of various legal systems, as well as judicial practice reflecting its practical implementation. Particular attention is paid to the application of the Contra proferentem principle in relations between entities with unequal conditions, in particular, when concluding accession agreements, consumption agreements and insurance contracts. The conclusion is made about the importance of the principle as a mechanism for protecting weaknesses and ensuring fairness in contractual relations. The authors emphasize the importance of contra proferentem as a means of ensuring fairness and honesty in contractual obligations, and also offer recommendations for clearer formulation of contract terms to reduce the risks of legal disputes.