DYNAMICS OF EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN VARIOUS SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY OF KAZAKHSTAN: ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL CHANGE FACTORS

The labour market is a crucial element of any economy, as it reflects the state of the national economy, the level of social well-being of the population, and the economic capabilities of the state. In recent decades, the global labour market has undergone several changes due to globalisation, technological innovations, demographic shifts, and transformations in labour demand structure. The primary purpose of the study was to analyse the dynamics of employment, unemployment, and youth unemployment across different economic sectors. The research examines the key factors influencing the labour market in various fields, identifying the main trends and problems that impact the unemployment rate in these industries. Special attention is paid to the problem of youth unemployment, as well as to the study and identification of the primary ways to mitigate labour migration, social tension, and economic imbalances. The research employed methods of economic and statistical analysis, comparison and relative values, as well as induction and deduction. To analyse the leading economic indicators, data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2020-2024, as well as publications and scientific papers by domestic and foreign scientists addressing unemployment issues and their solutions, were utilised. Ways of future research. The research topic is relevant, and it seems unlikely to solve all the problems in a single article. In this regard, the authors plan to conduct further research on employment problems, as well as reducing the unemployment rate of the population, and identifying the main ways to solve them by studying foreign experiences and adapting to the Kazakh labour market model.