Exploring Cultural Perspectives on Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. Despite its universal recognition, perceptions and responses to autism vary widely across different cultural contexts. This paper explores the impact of cultural perspectives on the diagnosis, intervention, and support for individuals with autism. It highlights how cultural beliefs, values, and societal norms shape the understanding and management of ASD, revealing significant differences in diagnostic practices and support systems around the world. The paper discusses how cultural factors influence the interpretation of autism, using case studies from diverse settings, including Africa, Southeast Asia, China, and indigenous communities such as the Navajo. For instance, in many African societies, autism is often perceived as a spiritual condition, complicating access to appropriate medical care. Conversely, the Western medical model often frames autism as a disorder to be fixed, which can lead to a deficit-focused view. By bridging cultural gaps and fostering a more inclusive understanding of autism, this paper advocates for improved diagnostic practices and support services, ultimately promoting a more equitable and compassionate global approach to ASD.