Astaxanthin: A promising nutraceutical for cardiovascular health

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) present a major global health challenge, with projections suggesting the number of patients may reach 23.3 million by 2030. A key contributor to CVD is atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits and cholesterol in artery walls, leading to serious cardiovascular events. Factors such as an aging population, sedentary lifestyles, poor dietary choices, and rising rates of obesity and diabetes worsen this issue. Astaxanthin (ASX), a powerful carotenoid known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has emerged as a promising candidate for preventing and treating CVD. Several studies have shown that ASX can improve cholesterol removal from macrophages, decrease plaque buildup, and enhance lipid profiles by lowering triglycerides (TG) and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Research also emphasizes ASX’s role in regulating blood pressure and improving blood vessel function. Animal studies report significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and better endothelial health, while human trials suggest positive effects on blood pressure control. Additionally, ASX may support cognitive health and metabolic function, especially in people with diabetes. It might protect brain cells from oxidative stress and improve insulin sensitivity, making it a valuable supplement for overall health. Despite these encouraging results, larger-scale studies are needed to confirm these benefits and understand the biological mechanisms behind ASX’s effects. As the burden of CVDs continues to grow, including ASX in health strategies could offer a natural and practical way to boost heart health and lower CVD risk.