Sexual and gender minority patient (mis)representation in United States medical Licensing examination preparatory materials

We identified 801 questions that referenced a patient's sexual or gender identity, including 49 (6%) featuring SGM patients and 752 (94%) featuring non-SGM patients. Questions featuring SGM patients overrepresented gay men and underrepresented bisexual women and transgender patients relative to US population trends. SGM patient questions also disproportionately focused on sexual health, and did so at the expense of representing other medical conditions. Given the ubiquity of USMLE practice materials, these patterns may contribute to implicit bias around SGM patients among the future US physician workforce.