Spider silk applications: Dermatologic theranostics, cosmetics, aerospace, textile and electronics

Spider silk is an exceptional biomaterial renowned for its strength, elasticity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Advances in recombinant DNA have enabled scalable production, broadening its applications. In biomedicine, it supports wound healing, nerve regeneration, sutures, and drug delivery due to its low immunogenicity. In cosmetics, its amino acid-rich profile enhances skin hydration and repair. In aerospace and electronics, its strength, thermal stability, and optical clarity enable use in lightweight composites and biodegradable sensors. However, challenges such as cost-effective production, scalability, and regulatory approval remain barriers to widespread adoption. Future progress will rely on integrating artificial intelligence, synthetic biology, and sustainable technologies to optimize manufacturing and unlock new applications. This review highlights spider silk’s growing potential across industries and underscores the importance of overcoming current limitations to position it as a key eco-smart material for the future.