Research progress on chemical composition, biological activity and application of lemongrass and its essential oils

This review provides a systematic and up-to-date overview of studies on the chemical composition, pharmacological activities and mechanisms, and applications of lemongrass, aims to establish a scientific and theoretical foundation for the development and utilization of lemongrass resources. Lemongrass primarily contains essential volatile compounds, such as citral and geraniol, as well as flavonoids, polysaccharides, and alkaloids. Due to its diverse composition, lemongrass exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, immune-modulatory, and insect-repellent properties. These activities have led to its widespread application in sectors such as healthcare, food, chemicals, and animal husbandry. However, because of limited chemical research and technical level, lemongrass is mainly used for extracting essential oils, and the development and utilization of other components and parts of lemongrass are insufficient. Further research on individual components, their biological activities, and the development of functional products will enhance the lemongrass industry and support its sustainable growth. • Lemongrass contains polysaccharides, alkaloids, and various nutrients and minerals. • Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory are the most studied properties of lemongrass. • Lemongrass has applicated in healthcare, food, and animal husbandry. • Lemongrass has extensive bioactivities and potential development value.