The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Evolution of Graphic Design: Current Practices and Challenges

INTRODUCTION AI-powered automation, generative algorithms, and interactive design tools are rapidly changing graphic design. Despite growing research, there is little synthesis on how AI affects creative practice and designer identity. The purpose of this study was to analyse the transformation of graphic design processes under the influence of artificial intelligence, considering the possibilities of automation, visual content generation, and optimisation of work processes. METHODS This systematic review analysed empirical, conceptual, and review research that underwent peer review and was published from 2022 to 2025 in Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar. After screening, 31 qualifying studies were included. RESULTS Outcomes encompassed documented impacts of AI on design efficiency, creativity, co-innovation, educational methodologies, ethical and legal considerations, and workforce ramifications. The Joanna Briggs Institute criteria, standardised across several study types, evaluated the risk of bias. AI tools continually enhance efficiency by automating repetitive processes like image correction and editing, allowing designers to focus more on creative endeavours. Generative approaches such as DALL-E and Midjourney have advanced concept development while eliciting concerns around stylistic uniformity and authorship. Empirical research typically had a low risk of bias, whereas conceptual and review publications displayed substantial bias owing to their dependence on secondary data. The reliability of evidence across topics was assessed as moderate, with high confidence in efficiency improvements and more inconsistent results concerning creativity, ethics, and professional adaptation. CONCLUSION Artificial intelligence is combining automation and creativity in graphic design, creating new opportunities and ethical, legal, and professional challenges. While existing data supports its ability to boost productivity and encourage creative exploration, more empirical research with greater methodological rigour is needed to understand its long-term effects on professional identity, copyright, and equitable access.