Homogenizing hole-selective contacts for centimeter-square flexible perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se <sub>2</sub> tandems
Flexible perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> (CIGS) tandems offer a path to high-efficiency and lightweight photovoltaics. However, simultaneously achieving high efficiency and mechanical durability remains a challenge. A contributing factor is the interfacial inhomogeneity arising from molecular aggregation in planar carbazole-based hole-selective contacts (HSCs) on flexible substrates. Here, we develop a strategy of spatial steric hindrance that transforms planar carbazole core into a three-dimensional π-conjugated skeleton. This molecular reconfiguration suppresses intermolecular π-π stacking, yielding homogenized selective contacts and high-quality perovskite films. When integrated into flexible monolithic perovskite/CIGS tandem devices, this strategy enabled a champion stabilized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.2% (certified 25.5%) for a 0.091-square centimeter device and 25.3% (certified 24.3%) for a centimeter-scale device, both representing high certified efficiencies reported to date for flexible two-terminal tandems. These devices demonstrated remarkable mechanical robustness, retaining their initial PCE after 10,000 bending cycles at a 10-millimeter radius, highlighting the potential of molecular-level interfacial engineering to realize high-efficiency, stable, and scalable flexible photovoltaics.
Authors
- Caner Değer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8472-1651)
- Jingjing Xue (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7861-8367)
- Lü Jin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1366-0473)
- Jiazhe Xu
- Chongyan Lian
- İlhan Yavuz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3268-6268)
- Tie Guo
- Libing Yao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-9921)
- Weizhong Tian (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4291-0216)
- X.B. Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2225-3346)
- Runda Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2042-9940)
- Enbing Bi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1043-9749)
- Qinggui Li
- Jingjing Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5690-0374)
- Xiaonan Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9775-2417)
- Rui Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2185-0752)
- Yuan Tian (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7074-5468)
- Yixin Luo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5592-162X)
- Sisi Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9154-9899)
- Qingqing Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7558-5803)
- Jiahui Shen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7589-2545)
- Ke Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5349-0929)
- Shaochen Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5550-905X)
- Pengju Shi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8078-5882)
- Donger Jin
- Jichuang Shen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9165-8682)
- Xuechun Sun
- Jingyi Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5000-1092)
Institutions
- Zhejiang A & F University (CN)
- Shaoxing University (CN)
- Westlake University (CN)
- Beijing Solar Energy Research Institute (CN)
- Innovation Team (China) (HK)
- Marmara University (TR)
- Zhejiang University (CN)
- Yangzhou University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Science Advances
- Published
- 2025-10-31
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz2781
- Citations
- 8
- Primary Topic
- Perovskite Materials and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 5.84