Flexible Multidimensional Force Sensors: A Review of Structural Design, Performance, and Applications

Abstract Flexible multidimensional force sensors (FWFS) have become key components in the new generation of wearable electronics, human–machine interfaces, soft robotics, and intelligent health monitoring systems. Compared with traditional uniaxial force sensors, flexible multidimensional sensors offer enhanced directional recognition capabilities, enabling real‐time detection of complex force signals—including normal, shear, and torsional forces—on nonplanar surfaces. This review summarizes recent research progress in FWFS, covering structural design strategies, performance comparisons across sensing mechanisms, and representative applications. Furthermore, it explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing sensor performance. First, we review development trends and typical applications of multidimensional force sensing, with particular focus on structural strategies for direction recognition and signal decoupling, such as bio‐inspired configurations and decoupled designs. Next, key performance parameters—including sensitivity, linearity, response speed, and long‐term stability—are discussed. Finally, the review highlights recent advances in applying flexible multidimensional sensors in health monitoring, human–machine interaction, and robotic tactile perception, with emphasis on AI‐enhanced systems and their advantages. Looking ahead, flexible multidimensional force sensing technologies are expected to evolve toward intelligent perception, self‐powered operation, and deep integration with machine learning, offering new pathways for the development of smart, integrated sensing platforms.