A deep learning-based prognostic prediction model for distal cholangiocarcinoma incorporating the metabolism-inflammation marker monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio

By combining a readout of systemic inflammation with HDL-related lipid status, MHR emerges as an informative prognostic index in dCCA. In parallel, CA19-9 concentration, nodal involvement, portal system invasion, and histologic differentiation are each independently associated with survival. Integrating these variables within our deep-learning-based prognostic model enables earlier risk triage and more targeted postoperative management, with potential to improve clinical outcomes.