Energy transition in Iran: advancing climate resilience and energy security through renewable energy

The dual challenges of climate change and energy security are transforming the global energy landscape. The increasing effects of climate change are putting severe pressure on global energy systems. At the same time, traditional ideas of energy security are being challenged by volatile fossil fuel markets, geopolitical tensions, and aging infrastructure. These combined threats emphasize the urgent need to rethink energy systems that are not only low-carbon and climate-resilient but also reliable, diversified, and secure. However, the shift to such systems remains uneven, affected by factors such as technological readiness, policy frameworks, investment flows, and social aspects of acceptance. This paper explores the strategic role of renewable energy in strengthening long-term energy security under the pressure of climate change. Focusing on Iran as a case study, the paper first evaluates the country’s renewable energy potential and the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) to compare fossil and clean technologies. Then, it constructs four scenarios based on the intensity of climate impacts and the pace of renewable energy transition in Iran. Each scenario is analyzed to assess its implications for the country’s energy security. Finally, a set of policy recommendations is presented to guide Iran’s energy transition toward a more resilient, sustainable, and secure future. The insights provide strategic guidance for countries navigating dual challenges of environmental resilience and energy stability.