Ehrhart theory on periodic graphs II: Stratified Ehrhart ring theory

We investigate the “stratified Ehrhart ring theory” for periodic graphs, which gives an algorithm for determining the growth sequences of periodic graphs. The growth sequence <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is defined for a graph <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Γ</mml:mi> </mml:math> and its fixed vertex <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , where <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is defined as the number of vertices of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Γ</mml:mi> </mml:math> at distance <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:math> from <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> . Although the sequences <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> for periodic graphs are known to be of quasi-polynomial type, their determination had not been established, even in dimension two. Our theory and algorithm can be applied to arbitrary periodic graphs of any dimension. As an application of the algorithm, we determine the growth sequences in several new examples.

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Publication Details

Journal
Algebraic Combinatorics
Published
2025-10-31
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5802/alco.445
Primary Topic
Graph theory and applications
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Ehrhart theory on periodic graphs II: Stratified Ehrhart ring theory

Yusuke Nakamura, Takuya Inoue
Algebraic Combinatorics
Graph theory and applications
article

Ehrhart theory on periodic graphs II: Stratified Ehrhart ring theory

Yusuke Nakamura, Takuya Inoue
article en

Abstract

We investigate the “stratified Ehrhart ring theory” for periodic graphs, which gives an algorithm for determining the growth sequences of periodic graphs. The growth sequence <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is defined for a graph <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Γ</mml:mi> </mml:math> and its fixed vertex <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , where <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is defined as the number of vertices of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Γ</mml:mi> </mml:math> at distance <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:math> from <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> . Although the sequences <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> for periodic graphs are known to be of quasi-polynomial type, their determination had not been established, even in dimension two. Our theory and algorithm can be applied to arbitrary periodic graphs of any dimension. As an application of the algorithm, we determine the growth sequences in several new examples.

Algebraic CombinatoricsVol. 8(5)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Openalex Percentile: Top 62%
Graph theory and applications
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