Shadow-complexity and trisection genus
The shadow-complexity is an invariant of closed <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:math> -manifolds defined by using <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:math> -dimensional polyhedra called Turaev’s shadows, which, roughly speaking, measures how complicated a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:math> -skeleton of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:math> -manifold is. In this paper, we define a new version <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">sc</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> of shadow-complexity depending on an extra parameter <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and we investigate the relationship between this complexity and the trisection genus <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:math> . More explicitly, we prove an inequality <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">sc</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for any closed <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:math> -manifold <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> </mml:math> and any <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Moreover, we determine the exact values of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">sc</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> for infinitely many <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:math> -manifolds, and also we classify all closed <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:math> -manifolds with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">sc</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> .
Authors
- Hironobu Naoe
- Masaki Ogawa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4092-0261)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Annales de la faculté des sciences de Toulouse Mathématiques
- Published
- 2025-10-31
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5802/afst.1830
- Primary Topic
- Geometric and Algebraic Topology
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science