The value of measuring CD35, CD55, and CD59 expression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term rheumatic condition that causes ongoing joint deterioration and other complications outside the joints, ultimately resulting in permanent disability. Aim To examine leucocytes expression of cluster of differentiation 35 (CD35), cluster of differentiation 55 (CD55), and cluster of differentiation 59 (CD59) in patients with RA and to evaluate the clinical usefulness of these markers in tracking disease activity levels. Patients and methods The study employed a retrospective cohort approach, involving 60 patients, aged 18 years or older, of both sex who had RA, and a control group consisting of 30 healthy volunteers. Three equal groups of patients were formed: group C was used as a control group, group B was in remission from RA, and group A had active illness at the time of diagnosis. Results Granulocytes CD35, CD55 and CD59 expression as predictors for RA activity revealed area under curve of 0.801, 0.338, and 0.665 for CD35, CD55, and CD59, respectively, using the cutoff (66, 74.5, and 77.5), respectively, between the active group and group in remission. Lymphocytes and Monocytes CD35, CD55, and CD59 expression as predictors for RA activity revealed area under curve of 0.616, 0.602, 0.560, 0.764, 0.730, and 0.594 for CD35, CD55, and CD59, respectively, using the cutoff (21, 45.5, 15, 38, 73.5, and 22.5), respectively, between active group and group in remission. Conclusions Granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes expression of CD59, monocytes expression of CD55, granulocytes, and monocytes expression of CD35 can predict rheumatic arthritis activity.