Comparison of irisin hormone levels, anthropometric measurements, and insulin resistance between active and nonactive Egyptian students

Background Irisin is a myokine hormone released during physical activity that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Limited data exists on its relationship with physical activity, anthropometric measurements, and insulin resistance in Egyptian populations, particularly among students. Aims To compare irisin hormone levels, anthropometric measurements, and insulin resistance between physically active and nonactive Egyptian students and evaluate the association between these parameters. Patients and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2000 Egyptian students aged 18–24 years, divided into two groups: practice ( n =1000) and nonpractice ( n =1000) based on self-reported physical activity levels using validated questionnaires: self-reported educational status and the Arabic Version of the MSK-HQ. Anthropometric measurements including BMI were recorded. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure serum irisin levels, fasting glucose, and insulin. The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Statistical analyses were performed to determine significant differences and correlations between the studied parameters. Results Serum irisin levels were significantly higher in the active group compared with the nonactive group ( P <0.05). Active students exhibited lower BMI ( P <0.05). Moreover, HOMA-IR values were significantly reduced in the active group, indicating improved insulin sensitivity ( P <0.05). Finally, irisin levels were inversely correlated with BMI ( r =−0.40, P <0.05) and HOMA-IR ( r =−0.57, P <0.05). Conclusion Physical activity positively influences irisin hormone levels, reduces adiposity, and improves insulin sensitivity in Egyptian students. These findings highlight the role of regular physical activity in metabolic regulation and emphasize its importance in reducing the risk of insulin resistance among youth.