Evaluation of safety and effectiveness of glutamine on hypermetabolic state and organ damage in severe burn injuries

Background Burns affect ~300 million people globally annually. Severe burns exacerbate hypermetabolic response, resulting in multi-organ dysfunction. Glutamine (GLN) supplementation has benefits in critical illness supporting antioxidant production, though its safety and effectiveness remain experimental. Aim This study evaluates the safety and effectiveness of GLN supplementation on hypermetabolic responses and organ function in severe burns. Patients and methods This prospective, controlled study involved 30 patients with 30–70% total burn surface area, hospitalized in the Burn Unit, Tanta University Hospitals, Egypt. Patients; aged up to 65 years admitted within 24 h of burn onset; were randomly allocated into two groups: GLN ( n =15) and control ( n =15). Venous blood samples were taken at admission, on day 7, and on day 14 after drug administration for detection of common clinical indicators linked to post burn organ damage (complete blood count, bicarbonate (HCO 3 ), PH, and beta-2 microglobulin levels). Complications were recorded. Results Results showed decreased hemoglobin levels in both groups during study time but remained significantly higher in the GLN group at days 7 and 14. Total leucocyte count was significantly lower in GLN group on days 7 and 14. Bicarbonate and PH were significantly greater in the GLN group at these time points. β2Beta-2 microglobulin level was significantly reduced at day 7 and at day 14 in the GLN group than the control group. Conclusion GLN supplementation stabilizes metabolic markers in severe burn patients. However, associated side effects show the need for further investigation.