Optimization of groundwater utilization strategy based on an improved snake optimizer integrating whale algorithm and bubble-net mechanism

Groundwater is a vital resource for agricultural irrigation, and optimizing its allocation is essential for sustainable water management. This paper presents an improved Snake Optimizer (W-SO) to address the challenges of premature convergence and local optima in traditional SO algorithms. The proposed W-SO algorithm integrates the Whale Optimization Algorithm’s (WOA) bubble-net mechanism and incorporates a Logistic chaos initialization strategy to enhance population diversity. The W-SO algorithm is applied to optimize groundwater utilization strategies, and the results demonstrate its superiority over other optimization algorithms in terms of convergence speed and solution quality.