Android-based audiovisual health education to improve adolescents’ awareness of early marriage in Indonesia

Early marriage remains a critical issue affecting adolescents' health, education, and social well-being. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Android-based audiovisual health education in enhancing students' awareness of early marriage. A quasi experimental pretest-posttest control group design was conducted involving 400 adolescents under 18 years old in Cirebon, selected using Slovin's formula from a population of 230,972. Data were collected through pretest questionnaires, followed by an audiovisual educational intervention accessible via Android devices, and concluded with posttest assessments. Univariate analysis described demographic characteristics and awareness levels, while bivariate analysis compared pre- and post-intervention scores. Multiple regression analysis revealed that gender, previous exposure to information, and baseline awareness significantly influenced the improvement in awareness levels. The results showed a statistically significant increase in awareness scores in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.001), confirming that Android-based audiovisual education is an effective method to improve adolescents' awareness of early marriage risks.