Impact of hyperons on structural properties of neutron stars and hybrid stars within the regularized four-dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity

In this paper, we investigate the impact of hyperons and phase transition to quark matter on the structural properties of neutron stars within the regularized four-dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity (4DEGB). We employ the density-dependent relativistic mean-field model (DDME2) for the hadronic phase and the density-dependent quark mass (DDQM) model for the quark phase to construct hadronic and hybrid equations-of-state (EoSs) that are consistent with the astrophysical constraints. The presence of hyperons softens the EoS and with a phase transition, the EoS further softens, and the speed of sound squared drops to around 0.2 for the maximum mass configuration, which lies in the pure quark phase. Adjusting the Gauss–Bonnet coupling constant, [Formula: see text], within its allowed range results in a decrease in the mass–radius relationship for negative [Formula: see text], and an increase for positive [Formula: see text]. In addition, functions are fitted to the maximum mass and its associated radius as a function of the constant [Formula: see text] to observe its impact on these properties. We find that positive values of [Formula: see text] support massive stars consistent with the 2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] constraint and NICER measurements, while negative values — although compatible with low-mass–radius observations — fail to reach the observed maximum mass, particularly for EoSs involving phase transitions. Therefore, astrophysical observations may be used to effectively constrain the allowed range of [Formula: see text].