One‐Dimensional Nonlinear Consolidation Behavior of Layered Soils With Heterogeneous Foundations and Continuous Drainage Boundaries

ABSTRACT This study investigated one‐dimensional nonlinear consolidation behavior in layered soils, incorporating nonlinear void ratio‐permeability and void ratio‐compression relationships to establish a governing equation that accounts for material heterogeneity. A continuous drainage boundary condition is adopted to better simulate the time‐dependent dissipation of excess pore water pressure (EPWP) under real engineering conditions. The solution of the governing equation was obtained by the finite difference method and verified by experimental data and theoretical solutions. Parametric analysis was conducted to reveal the effects of several crucial factors, such as the attenuation coefficient, the nonlinear parameter, the dimensionless permeability coefficient, and the dimensionless compression coefficient, on the efficiency of EPWP dissipation. Firstly, a higher attenuation coefficient near the bottom enhances compressibility and speeds up the dissipation of EPWP, while a higher attenuation coefficient near the top affects permeability and slows down the dissipation of EPWP. Secondly, surcharge load adjustment based on C c i / C k i can optimize the efficiency of EPWP dissipation. Thirdly, the coefficient of consolidation alone cannot fully describe the consolidation behavior of layered foundations, as the coefficients of permeability and compression are also considered. This work established a more realistic and robust framework for analyzing the consolidation behavior of layered foundations, considering complex boundary conditions and material properties. It also provides practical guidance for the effective treatment and improvement of soft soil foundations.