Implications of Endothelin-1 Antagonist, ACE Inhibitor and Statin on Experimentally Induced Hyperlipidemic Nephropathy in Rats

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health challenge, with prevalence steadily increasing worldwide. Current pharmacological interventions are often insufficient to completely prevent or slow the progression of nephropathy. To address this, the present study investigated the renoprotective efficacy of Ramipril, BQ123, and Atorvastatin in a rat model of hyperlipidemia-induced nephropathy. Hyperlipidemia was induced by a high-fat diet for six weeks, followed by two weeks of treatment. At the study endpoint, animals were sacrificed for biochemical and histopathological evaluation. Combination therapy produced significant improvements, including reductions in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein, and serum nitrite, along with amelioration of renal histopathology. Furthermore, the treatments reduced oxidative stress and reinstated the activity of antioxidant enzymes that had been impaired by hyperlipidemia.