Fabrication of DSSCs using Malachite Green and Toluidine Blue (Dye Mix.): Enhancing Efficiency Via Surfactant and Metal Salt Interaction

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have gained significant attention due to their cost-effectiveness and tunable properties for photovoltaic applications. This study focuses on the optimization and fabrication of DSSCs using a mixed dye system comprising Malachite Green and Toluidine Blue (Dye System I). The influence of surfactants (SDS, HTAB, and Brij 35) and metal salts cobalt nitrate (Co(NO3)2 and terbium chloride (TbCl3) along with deoxycholic acid (DCA) was systematically investigated to enhance efficiency. All dye sets have been systematically analyzed for their spectral and electrochemical parameters. The D1B5 (DSSC) system based on Brij35 exhibited a maximum power conversion efficiency of 0.581%.