Global trends and hotspots of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in pulmonary tuberculosis: a bibliometric and visualization analysis

This bibliometric analysis underscores the evolving focus of TNF-α research in pulmonary tuberculosis, transitioning from foundational studies on immune mechanisms to applied research aimed at diagnostics and biomarkers. Future research should aim to validate the effectiveness of TNF-α gene markers across different populations and disease stages, investigate their molecular mechanisms and interactions with other cytokines, and work towards optimizing personalized treatments and improving clinical management outcomes.