Optimization of Flight Frequency for an eVTOL Network Connecting Disconnected High-Speed Rail Corridors and Urban Area

The rapid advancement of eVTOL technology offers a novel solution for enhancing commuting efficiency across complex geographical barriers, thereby accelerating the construction and development of 3D transportation infrastructure. However, the planning and development of an eVTOL operational network rely heavily on detailed passenger flow analysis and strategic decision-making regarding flight frequencies. This paper integrates the classic Multinomial Logit model from transportation planning to estimate route-specific passenger demand. With the objective of maximizing the global unit profit for the eVTOL operator, an optimization model for flight frequency scheduling is established. A Genetic Algorithm, tailored to the model's structure, is designed to calculate the dispatch headways for eVTOLs on each route. A case study, based on the "Xiangtan Urban Area - Zhuzhou West Railway Station - Xiangtan North Railway Station" bidirectional loop eVTOL network, validates the approach. The optimal flight frequencies for each route are derived through computations that account for competition with various transportation modes. Sensitivity analysis reveals that operators must prioritize marketing effectiveness for highly time-sensitive passengers. Furthermore, performing more flexible, dynamic flight adjustments based on accurate predictions of commuter flow is essential for comprehensively improving operational performance.