Climate Change Challenges and Mitigation for Adaptation Strategy in Sustainable Community Development in Nigeria

Climate change is an escalating global crisis, primarily driven by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Its impacts—ranging from rising temperatures and sea-level rise to extreme weather events—pose serious threats to biodiversity, agriculture, water resources, and public health. This review examines the global and Indian contexts of climate change impacts and highlights key adaptation strategies. Globally, countries are implementing nature-based solutions, early warning systems, and climate-smart agriculture to reduce vulnerabilities. In Nigeria, initiatives such as the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), State Action Plans, and community-based programs aim at building resilience across sectors. Despite progress, challenges such as financial constraints, policy fragmentation, and social inequity limit adaptation effectiveness. The study emphasizes the need for integrated, inclusive, and science-based adaptation policies that address both local and global climate risks while promoting sustainable development.