Sustainable production of liquid organic fertilizer from solid waste composting via microwave-assisted for smart irrigation

This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of a liquid organic fertilizer through microwave-assisted solid waste composting to enhance agricultural productivity through smart irrigation systems utilizing Internet of Things, contributing unique nutrients and organic matter while promoting environmental sustainability. The aim of the study is to evaluate the physio-chemical properties, nutrients contents, secondary nutrients, micronutrients, composition of heavy metals and Carbon compounds in produced liquid Organic fertilizer. A definitive screening design was used to examine the extraction conditions and the experimental design. The results were assessed under specific conditions, including an extraction temperature ranging from 70 °C to 90 °C, an extraction duration of 2 to 8 min, and a solid waste to water volume ratio between 30% and 50% w/v. The findings from the experiment showed that the amounts of total N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus), and K (potassium) fertilizers obtained from composting solid waste varied between 1.82 and 3.61, 0.051 to 0.099 and 4.82 to 5.61% (w/w), respectively. The produced liquid organic fertilizer was characterized using standard analytical techniques including pH measurement, EC (electrical conductivity), TOC (total organic carbon) analysis, phosphorus determination through spectrophotometry, potassium quantification via flame photometry, and microbiological assessments. The results indicated that microwave-assisted composting significantly reduced the time required for decomposition compared to traditional methods. The final product exhibited high levels of essential nutrients such as N, P, and K, which are critical for plant growth.