The lingering wounds of betrayal: The long-term impact of betrayal-based moral injury on mental health outcomes following the October 7th, 2023, terror attack

Experiencing betrayal by trusted entities shortly after mass trauma significantly contributed to heightened and broader psychological distress one year later, even beyond baseline symptomatology. These findings underscore the persistent negative impact of this specific form of MI and highlight the critical need for clinical assessments and interventions to address betrayal-related wounds.