Level matrix of cultural codes as a typological model of culture.

The article presents an approach to constructing an original typology of culture based on the analysis of forms of cultural identity, which is viewed as a mechanism for encoding, reproducing, and transforming cultural experience at various levels of social interaction. The subject of the research is diverse typologies of culture, and the focus is on the criteria for their construction. The aim of the research is to propose a culture typology based on the concept of levels of cultural identity, regarded as a key mechanism for encoding and transforming cultural meanings. It is assumed that the level matrix of cultural codes will become a theoretical-analytical tool capable of serving both as a diagnostic model and as a methodological foundation for applied research. Its application is relevant in the context of accelerated cultural transformation of modern society, characterized by multiplicity, conflict, and the digitalization of cultural forms. The methodological basis of this approach is a critical analysis of classical typologies of culture, during which the limitations related to reductionism, static nature, and neglect of dynamic processes were identified. The developed level matrix of cultural codes includes six types of culture – monomorphic, polymorphic, hybrid, fragmented, transcultural, and metaculture – each reflecting the specifics of identity functioning at the corresponding social level. This model not only allows for the description and classification of various cultural phenomena but also enables the analysis of their interaction and transformation in the contemporary context of globalization, digitalization, and migration processes. It is shown that the level approach allows overcoming binary oppositions and more adequately describing modern cultural processes characterized by complexity, variability, and mediated nature. As a result of the research, theoretical foundations for distinguishing levels of cultural identity have been formulated; levels of the cultural codes matrix have been developed; and an analysis of the typology's application in various applied fields has been conducted. The proposed typology can be used in intercultural studies, cultural policy and social practice, as well as in teaching the foundations of humanities research.