Climate vulnerable urban development in Bangladesh: Developing a framework for climate change resilient urban governance in intermediate cities

The rapid urbanization of Bangladesh, compounded by the effects of climate change, presents significant challenges for intermediate cities such as Khulna, Barisal, Rajshahi, Rangpur, and Sylhet. These cities face interconnected socio-economic and environmental stresses, including flooding, waterlogging, migration, and unemployment, which are exacerbated by poor governance, lack of transparency, and insufficient accountability. This research delves into the intersection of climate change, urbanization, and governance issues in Bangladesh's vulnerable cities. By employing a three-step methodology, the study analyzes urban systems and assesses vulnerability to climate impacts. A conceptual framework for climate-resilient urban governance is developed based on a thorough literature review. The findings emphasize the urgent need for inclusive, climate-resilient urban governance to address the compounded socio-economic and environmental impacts of climate change on city systems. The study suggests overcoming resource constraints, enhancing community engagement, and strengthening governance mechanisms are vital for building resilience and ensuring sustainable urban development in Bangladesh's vulnerable cities. This research aims to contribute to global efforts in creating sustainable, climate-resilient cities, offering a comprehensive governance framework that can be adapted for similar regions facing climate challenges.