Cumulative (dis)advantages in cognitive health: rural/urban residency, household registration status, and cognitive aging among older Chinese adults

These results support the cumulative (dis)advantages framework and demonstrate that institutional or policy discrimination such as through hukou policies plays a critical role in cognitive disparities among older adults. Taken together, the results suggest that reforms to provide greater resources to rural areas and access to urban hukou could be an important tool to improve cognitive health among rural and migrant populations, and ultimately reduce dementia in China.