A Decade of Transformation in the Management of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: From Conventional Chemotherapy to Precision Medicine

Over the past decade, the management of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has undergone remarkable advancements. This review explores the transition from conventional chemotherapy protocols to precision medicine approaches, highlighting improvements in diagnostic techniques, therapeutic strategies, and personalized treatments within front-line protocols. Key developments include enhanced minimal residual disease detection, the advent of immunotherapies, targeted therapies, and the integration of artificial intelligence. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in ensuring global access and equity. This article discusses the current state of ALL treatment and anticipates future directions in the field.